Japanese Fireworks
Why do fireworks shows in Japan mostly take place in summer?
If I were to ask people here in Europe when they usually see fireworks, many would probably answer: on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day.
Of course, there are now fireworks shows in Europe during the summer as well. In Japan, however, it's the exact opposite: the large fireworks shows traditionally take place primarily in the summer.
Do you know why?
Behind it lies a history that dates back to the Edo period.
1733 – Fireworks as a Prayer
The year 1733 is often cited as the beginning of the Japanese fireworks tradition. At that time, the “Ryōgoku no Kawabiraki” (両国の川開き) took place in Edo, modern-day Tokyo, on the Sumida River. This later evolved into the famous Sumida River Fireworks Festival (隅田川花火大会).
Japan was going through a difficult time back then. After the great famine of 1732, many people died of hunger and disease. The shogun of the time, Tokugawa Yoshimune, had a ceremony performed to honor the deceased and to ward off disease and misfortune. Fireworks were also set off during this ceremony.
Thus, besides entertainment, fireworks also acquired a meaning as remembrance and prayer.
Why specifically in summer?
An important connection is the Japanese Obon tradition. In summer, people commemorate their deceased ancestors, who are believed to return to the world of the living during this time.
This also includes customs involving fire, such as Mukaebi (迎え火), the welcoming fire, and Okuribi (送り火), the farewell fire.
Therefore, summer in Japan is closely linked to the remembrance of the deceased – and the large fireworks shows have also traditionally become established during this season.
“Tamaya!” and “Kagiya!”
Perhaps you have heard Japanese people shout “たまや〜！(Tamaya!)” or “かぎや〜！(Kagiya!)” at a fireworks display.
These names come from two famous fireworks makers of the Edo period: Tamaya (玉屋) and Kagiya (鍵屋). They were rivals and thrilled audiences with their fireworks.
When I was a little child, I occasionally heard these shouts. However, since around 2000, I hardly hear them anymore. Perhaps people nowadays prefer to enjoy the quiet and special atmosphere of a fireworks display.
For me, that's what's so fascinating about Japanese fireworks shows: they are not just spectacular entertainment, but also carry a piece of history, remembrance, and hope within them.
If you travel to Japan in the summer, you should definitely watch a fireworks show. They are truly spectacular – and sometimes there are even fireworks featuring popular characters like Pokémon Pikachu, Hello Kitty, or Chiikawa.